医学词汇“Pituitary Linked Disorders”的翻译、意思、用法、用量、治疗方法-医学辞典

Pituitary adenomas

Benign tumours consisting of a single cell line (‘monoclonal’) of hormone producing cells. There are five such cell lines in the anterior part of the pituitary gland, respectively secreting: PROLACTIN, the hormone that initiates production of breast milk; GROWTH HORMONE; ADRENOCORTICOTROPHIC HORMONE (ACTH); THYROTROPHIN-STIMULATING HORMONE (TSH); and GONADOTROPHINS which provoke the growth and release of GERM CELLS from the ovary and testis. About one in ten brain tumours are pituitary adenomas; many do not produce hormones so any ill-effect they have is because of pressure on surrounding structures. Those which do produce hormones provoke clinical conditions attributable to overstimulation of the ENDOCRINE GLANDS controlled by those hormones. Thus, ACROMEGALY or gigantism may result from an adenoma which produces GROWTH HORMONE. If this overactivity occurs after growth has ceased, acromegaly arises, in which there is gross overgrowth of the ears, nose, jaws, and hands and feet. Enhanced production of the ADRENOCORTICOTROPHIC HORMONE (ACTH) leads to CUSHING'S SYNDROME. Excessive production of PROLACTIN leads to AMENORRHOEA and GALACTORRHOEA. Some adenomas do not produce any hormone but cause effects by damaging the pituitary cells and inhibiting their hormone production.

The most sensitive cells to extrinsic pressure are the gonadotrophin-producing cells and the growth-hormone producing cells, so that if the tumour occurs in childhood, growth hormone will be suppressed and growth will slow. Gonadotrophin hormone suppression will prevent the development of puberty and, if the tumour occurs after puberty, will result in amenorrhoea in the female and lack of LIBIDO in both sexes. The thyroid-stimulating hormone cells are the next to suffer and the pressure effects on these cells will result in hypothyroidism (see under THYROID GLAND, DISEASES OF). Rarely ACTH-producing cells suffer damage from tumours, and adrenocortical insufficiency results.

Panhypopituitarism

Failure of all hormone production may arise from congenital insufficiency or be a result of haemorrhage into the pituitary gland – so called pituitary apoplexy.

Posterior pituitary insufficiency

produces DIABETES INSIPIDUS, a condition characterised by the passing of a large volume of URINE every day, is due to lack of the antidiuretic hormone (see VASOPRESSIN).

单词	Pituitary Linked Disorders
释义	Pituitary-Linked Disorders Pituitary adenomas Benign tumours consisting of a single cell line (‘monoclonal’) of hormone producing cells. There are five such cell lines in the anterior part of the pituitary gland, respectively secreting: PROLACTIN, the hormone that initiates production of breast milk; GROWTH HORMONE; ADRENOCORTICOTROPHIC HORMONE (ACTH); THYROTROPHIN-STIMULATING HORMONE (TSH); and GONADOTROPHINS which provoke the growth and release of GERM CELLS from the ovary and testis. About one in ten brain tumours are pituitary adenomas; many do not produce hormones so any ill-effect they have is because of pressure on surrounding structures. Those which do produce hormones provoke clinical conditions attributable to overstimulation of the ENDOCRINE GLANDS controlled by those hormones. Thus, ACROMEGALY or gigantism may result from an adenoma which produces GROWTH HORMONE. If this overactivity occurs after growth has ceased, acromegaly arises, in which there is gross overgrowth of the ears, nose, jaws, and hands and feet. Enhanced production of the ADRENOCORTICOTROPHIC HORMONE (ACTH) leads to CUSHING'S SYNDROME. Excessive production of PROLACTIN leads to AMENORRHOEA and GALACTORRHOEA. Some adenomas do not produce any hormone but cause effects by damaging the pituitary cells and inhibiting their hormone production. The most sensitive cells to extrinsic pressure are the gonadotrophin-producing cells and the growth-hormone producing cells, so that if the tumour occurs in childhood, growth hormone will be suppressed and growth will slow. Gonadotrophin hormone suppression will prevent the development of puberty and, if the tumour occurs after puberty, will result in amenorrhoea in the female and lack of LIBIDO in both sexes. The thyroid-stimulating hormone cells are the next to suffer and the pressure effects on these cells will result in hypothyroidism (see under THYROID GLAND, DISEASES OF). Rarely ACTH-producing cells suffer damage from tumours, and adrenocortical insufficiency results. Panhypopituitarism Failure of all hormone production may arise from congenital insufficiency or be a result of haemorrhage into the pituitary gland – so called pituitary apoplexy. Posterior pituitary insufficiency produces DIABETES INSIPIDUS, a condition characterised by the passing of a large volume of URINE every day, is due to lack of the antidiuretic hormone (see VASOPRESSIN).
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