The scientific study of people: how they think, and how and why they act, react and interact as they do. It covers such matters as memory, rational and irrational thought, intelligence, learning, personality, perceptions and emotions. There are different schools of psychology, varying both in attitude and in methods of working. The main groups consist of the introspectionist Freudian, Jungian and Adlerian schools, and the gestaltist, behaviourist and cognitive schools. Although many practical psychologists deny belonging to any specific school, contemporary psychology in general favours the cognitive schools, although many are sub-specialities based on practical considerations. (See also FREUDIAN THEORY; JUNGIAN ANALYSIS; GESTALTISM; PSYCHOLOGIST; COGNITIVE BEHAVIOUR THERAPY.)