Surgical excision of the bladder (see URINARY BLADDER). When this is done – usually to treat cancer of the bladder – an alternative means of collecting urine from the KIDNEYS must be arranged. The URETERS of the kidney can be transplanted into a loop of bowel which is brought to the surface of the abdomen to form a STOMA that exits into an externally worn pouch. One technique is to fashion a substitute bladder from a section of intestine and to implant the ureters into it, thus allowing the patient to void urine through the urethra as normal.