A developing area of practice in microsurgery where the surgeon, instead of manipulating surgical instruments him or herself, instead guides a robot which actually performs the surgery. Telerobotics involves manipulating a robot electronically at a distance. Various robotic procedures have been devised in heart and lung surgery, prostate gland surgery and orthopaedics, amongst others. The advantages are said to include accuracy, avoidance of operator error, ideal three-dimensional vision, tremor reduction and motion scaling.